Fig. 8

Phylogenetic trees generated using RAxML [82] of exemplar genes showing unusually high diversity in Biomphalaria sudanica, alongside orthologous alleles in B. pfeifferi (Bpfe) and B. glabrata (Bgla), and rooted with B. straminea (Bstr). Bgla1 and Bgla2 refer to alleles sequenced from B. glabrata inbred lines [42], whilst BglaBS90 and BglaM represent alleles from two other B. glabrata inbred lines [6]. (A) BSUD.4885 (contig 2266, linkage group (LG) 10) is a gene with exceptionally high diversity, has a protein structure that is similar to genes previously inferred as pathogen recognition receptors, and shows an apparent trans-species polymorphism of divergent haplotypes in African and South American snails. (B) BSUD.12903 (contig 499, LG16) is another pathogen recognition receptor candidate, in one of the most polymorphic contigs in the B. sudanica genome, predicted to contain C-type lectin, immunoglobulin, TMEM154 and alternatively expressed fibronectin III domains (see Fig. 10)