Table 1 Mean F_IS and mean F_GRM the total population, based on four marker datasets. Mean F_IS the unweighted mean of F_IS across all the sampling locations. Mean F_GRM is the mean individual F_GRM (obtained from the GRM) across all individuals. The significance of the F_IS values was tested using Monte Carlo permutation testing with simulation of random mating (10,000 permutations) and the significance of the F_GRM values was tested using a bootstrap t-distribution of the mean (50,000 bootstraps)

From: Characterization of fine geographic scale population genetics in sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) using genome-wide markers