Fig. 2

Genes Encoding Toll-Like Receptors are Induced in the Heart after Immunization in Space. a, b) Transcriptomic analysis showed induction of genes for Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 13 following immunization in spaceflight when compared to flight control. c) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed enrichment of genes associated with Toll-like receptor pathways. The enriched genes were depicted in red, while the genes that were not enriched were shown in blue. In this representation, the relative intensity of the color indicates the strength of gene enrichment (e.g., saturated red versus light red) or decreased gene enrichment (e.g., saturated blue versus light blue) d) Receptors for interleukins 1, 2, 6, 11 and 18 were upregulated in flight-immunized mice when compared against flight control mice. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted with n = 3 biological replicates per group