Fig 4.

Chromosomal distribution characteristics of identified gene co-expression modules. A Identification of chromosome-biased modules. Gene counts for each module on each chromosome were compared to the genome-wide background. A binomial test was performed for each module on each chromosome, with p-values less than 0.01 indicating significant chromosomal bias. Fold enrichment was calculated as the ratio of observed to expected values. B Scatter plot showing the significance of gene clustering for modules M1 and M81 across chromosomes. Chromosomes were divided into 500 kb windows with a 100 kb step, with each point representing a window. Gene counts for each module within each window were compared to the chromosome-wide background using a binomial test. The red dashed line indicates the p-value threshold of 0.01. C Representative example of the 21.7-22.2 Mb window on chromosome A05. Arrows indicate genes belonging to module M1, with a zoomed-in view highlighting four representative genes. RNA-seq tracks illustrate changes in signal intensity during cold stress exposure