Fig. 3

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis in mature and immature mouse oocytes. (A) Schematic diagram of sample collection and Smart-seq2 single-oocyte sequencing of IVO, COC, and DO oocytes in mice. Oocytes were collected from 6–8 week-old mice (IVO, n = 7; COC, n = 7; DO, n = 6). All obtained oocytes were with extrusion of PB1. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of single-oocyte RNA transcriptomes from mature (IVO2, IVO3, IVO4, COC2, COC7) and immature oocytes (DO6, DO4, DO3, DO2, DO1). (C) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showing the downregulated genes (DOWN), upregulated genes (UP), and unchanged genes (NOT) between mature and immature oocytes. DEGs were defined as genes with an adjusted p-value < 0.05 and |log₂FC| > 1. (D) Heatmap of the top 50 DEGs (25 upregulated genes and 25 downregulated genes) between mature and immature mouse oocytes. DEGs were defined as genes with an adjusted p-value < 0.05 and |log₂FC| > 1, ranked by ascending p-value and descending |log₂FC|. (E) Enrichment analysis of DEGs and representative Gene Ontology (GO) terms in mature and immature mouse oocytes. Enriched pathways were significantly related to oocyte maturation, embryonic development, metabolism, and organelles