Multi-locus genome-wide association mapping for major agronomic and yield-related traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench) landraces

Table 1 Summary of QTNs identified for the major agronomic, yield, and yield-related traits investigated in the present study using the six MrMLM models

Analysis Model	QTN effect	LOD score	r2	No. of QTNs
mrMLM	-119.11 to − 206.78	4.03–17.01	2.52–23.93	42
FASTmrMLM	-299.26 to − 129.76	4.04–36.13	1.78–33.58	30
FASTmrEMMA	-0.86 to − 417.50	4.01–15.48	2.86–15.95	13
pLARmEB	-241.30 to- 111.07	4.05–15.77	0.63–9.50	36
pKWmEB	-150.88 to − 145.22	4.06–11.94	4.16–19.59	27
ISIS EM-BLASSO	-84.17 to − 128.35	4.11–10.14	1.53–8.44	28
*Total QTNs*				*176*

Note: r² is the proportion of total phenotypic variation explained by each QTN. Abbreviations: mrMLM, multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model MLM., FASTmrEMMA: factored spectrally transformed multi-locus random-SNP-effect efficient mixed-model association; pLARmEB: polygenic-background-control-based least angle regression plus empirical Bayes; FASTmrMLM: factored spectrally transformed multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model MLM; pKWmEB: polygenic-background-control-based Kruskal Wallis test plus empirical Bayes, ISIS EM-BLASSO: iterative sure independence screening EM-Bayesian LASSO

ISSN: 1471-2164