Fig. 5

Differential gene expression for tVFF versus cVFF identified by RNA sequencing. A Transcriptomic volcano plot exhibiting 4772 differentially expressed genes, represented by red points on the plot. 2761 were downregulated (lower log₂ fold change) and 2011 were upregulated (higher log₂ fold change) in tVFF (adjusted P < 0.05) B Subset of differential gene expression for cVFF (top 4 rows) versus tVFF (bottom 4 rows) including genes with log₂ fold change > 1.5 or <-1.5. Transcriptomic heatmap exhibiting clustering of differentially expressed genes (adjusted P < 0.05). Colored hierarchical clusters across the top panel represent closely related genes based on sequencing data. The first five colored clusters represent genes most upregulated in cVFF, and the last four colored clusters represent genes most upregulated in tVFF