Fig. 2

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots showing population genetic structure of Crepidula fornicata (A-C) and C. plana (D-F). Clustering is shown for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across all loci (A, D), and those that were identified as neutral (p > 0.05; B, E), and outlier (p < 0.001; C, F) SNPs via pcadapt. Significant genetic structure was detected across sampling sites using a permutational multivariate analysis of variance in all analyses except for neutral loci in C. plana (denoted with grey box)