Fig. 4

Transcriptomic comparison of ES-like cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). This figure summarizes differential gene expression analysis using publicly available microarray datasets: SSCs from GSE27043, and ESCs and ES-like cells from GSE43850. The analysis reveals transcriptional similarities between ES-like cells and ESCs, and key differences compared to SSCs. A Overview of the microarray analysis results comparing global expression profiles among ES-like cells and SSCs. B Volcano plot showing fold change and p-values for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ES-like cells and SSCs, with a threshold of p-value < 0.05. C Volcano plot illustrating DEGs between ESCs and SSCs, highlighting genes with significant transcriptional shifts (p-value < 0.05). D Venn diagram depicting the number of DEGs and their overlapping intersections among the three cell types. E Heatmap of all samples (3 SSCs from GSE27043; 6 ESCs and 6 ES-like cells from GSE43850), showing clustering patterns. ES-like cells exhibit gene expression profiles closely resembling those of ESCs