Fig. 1

Population structure in the ADME genes. a The MDS plot of the Chinese populations in three dimensions on the basis of pairwise IBS matrix and the distribution of each population in the first dimension. The sub-population clustering is marked by dashed circles in different colors. b The STRUCTURE result at K = 6 exhibits the varying proportions of individual Clusters. The left and right parts depict for the individual levels and the population levels, respectively. c The maximum likelihood tree of TreeMix for the populations with the migration weight and residuals from the optimal model fit. Uygur was used as the outgroup in the TreeMix modeling. The x-axis represents the estimated relative genetic drift. The migration edge was set at 6 after an evaluation (Fig. S2-S3)