Fig. 3

Functional variations in gut microbiota. (a) Summary of the annotation of unigenes. (b) PCoA of the metagenome profile at the unigene level. (c) Heatmap showing the statistical results of PERMANOVA on the metagenome (Bray-Curtis distances). Asterisks indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05; pairwise PERMANOVA). (d–e) PCoA of the metagenome profile at the gene function level (d) and the functional pathway level (KEGG class 3) (e). (f–h) Comparison of the abundance of functional pathways between groups: KEGG metabolic pathways at the class 2 level (f), metabolic pathways related to nutrient absorption (KEGG class 3 and CAZy modules, g), and metabolic pathways related to SCFA synthesis (KEGG class 3, h)